Explain scripts in details with example for artificial intelligence
Scripts
A script is a structured representation describing a stereotyped sequence of events in a particular context.
Scripts are used in natural language understanding systems to organize a knowledge base in terms of the situations that the system should understand. Scripts use a frame-like structure to represent the commonly occurring experience like going to the movies eating in a restaurant, shopping in a supermarket, or visiting an ophthalmologist.
Thus, a script is a structure that prescribes a set of circumstances that could be expected to follow on from one another.
Scripts are beneficial because:
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Events tend to occur in known runs or patterns.
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A casual relationship between events exist.
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An entry condition exists which allows an event to take place.
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Prerequisites exist upon events taking place.
Components of a script
The components of a script include:
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Entry condition: These are basic condition which must be fulfilled before events in the script can occur.
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Results: Condition that will be true after events in script occurred.
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Props: Slots representing objects involved in events
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Roles: These are the actions that the individual participants perform.
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Track: Variations on the script. Different tracks may share components of the same scripts.
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Scenes: The sequence of events that occur.
Describing a script, special symbols of actions are used. These are:
| Symbol | Meaning | Example |
| ATRANS | transfer a relationship | give |
| PTRANS | transfer physical location of an object | go |
| PROPEL | apply physical force to an object | push |
| MOVE | move body part by owner | kick |
| GRASP | grab an object by an actor | hold |
| INGEST | taking an object by an animal eat | drink |
| EXPEL | expel from animal’s body | cry |
| MTRANS | transfer mental information | tell |
| MBUILD | mentally make new information | decide |
| CONC | conceptualize or think about an idea | think |
| SPEAK | produce sound | say |
| ATTEND | focus sense organ | listen |
Example:-Script for going to the bank to withdraw money.
SCRIPT : Withdraw money
TRACK : Bank
PROPS : Money
Counter
Form
Token
Roles : P= Customer
E= Employee
C= Cashier
Entry conditions: P has no or less money.
The bank is open.
Results : P has more money.
Scene 1: Entering
P PTRANS P into the Bank
P ATTEND eyes to E
P MOVE P to E
Scene 2: Filling form
P MTRANS signal to E
E ATRANS form to P
P PROPEL form for writing
P ATRANS form to P
E ATRANS form to P
Scene 3: Withdrawing money
P ATTEND eyes to counter
P PTRANS P to queue at the counter
P PTRANS token to C
C ATRANS money to P
Scene 4: Exiting the bank
P PTRANS P to out of bank
Advantages of Scripts
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Ability to predict events.
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A single coherent interpretation maybe builds up from a collection of observations.
Disadvantages of Scripts
